Division
- Division as Equal Sharing
- Division as Repeated Subtraction
- Division as Inverse of Multiplication
- Division using Multiplication Tables
- Properties of Division
Division as Equal Sharing
There are 9 toffees. These toffees are to be distributed among 3 children.
We see that each child gets 3 toffees.
We write it as
This is called a division fact.
We read
| Write the division fact: | |
|---|---|
| Mother had 12 bananas. She distributed them equally among 3 children. How many bananas will each child get? | 12 ÷ 3 = 4 |
| There are 20 books. These books are to be arranged in 4 piles equally. How many books are there in each pile? | 20 ÷ 4 = 5 |
| There are 18 marbles. 6 children share them equally. How many marbles does each child get? | 18 ÷ 6 = 3 |
Division as Repeated Subtraction
(i) 24 ÷ 4 = ?
Let's subtract
24 - 4 = 20
20 - 4 = 16
16 - 4 = 12
12 - 4 = 8
8 - 4 = 4
4 - 4 = 0
We see that we can subtract
Hence,
Division as Inverse of Multiplication
You can see 12 apples in the first picture.
In the second picture, they are arranged equally in 3 rows. There are 4 apples in each row.
Hence we can say 15 ÷ 3 = 4
We have 3 rows with 4 apples in each row.
Hence we can say, 3 x 4 = 12
In the third picture, apples are arranged equally in 4 rows. There are 3 apples in each row.
Hence we can say 15 ÷ 4 = 3
We have 4 rows with 3 apples in each row.
Hence we can say, 4 x 3 = 12
More Examples
| Multiplication fact | Division facts | |
|---|---|---|
| 5 x 4 = 20 | 20 ÷ 5 = 4 | 20 ÷ 4 = 5 |
| 7 x 9 = 63 | 63 ÷ 7 = 9 | 63 ÷ 9 = 7 |
| 3 x 5 = 15 | 15 ÷ 3 = 5 | 15 ÷ 5 = 3 |
| 6 x 4 = 24 | 24 ÷ 6 = 4 | 24 ÷ 4 = 6 |
| 7 x 5 = 35 | 35 ÷ 7 = 5 | 35 ÷ 5 = 7 |
Division using Multiplication Tables
(i) Divide 21 by 7 using the multiplication table.
7 x 1 = 7
7 x 2 = 14
7 x 3 = 21
(ii) Divide 24 by 6 using the multiplication table.
6 x 1 = 6
6 x 2 = 12
6 x 3 = 18
6 x 4 = 24
Properties of Division
| Property | Example |
|---|---|
| Division by the same number: When a number is divided by itself, the answer is always 1. | 15 ÷ 15 = 1 |
| Division by 1: When a number is divided by 1, the answer is the number itself. | 10 ÷ 1 = 10 |
| Division of 0: When 0 is divided by any number, the answer is always 0. | 0 ÷ 5 = 0 |
| Division by 0: Dividing a number by 0 is not possible. | 12 ÷ 0 is not possible. |