Subtraction
Subtraction means taking away some of the objects from a collection and counting the remaining objects of the collection. When we subtract a number from another number, the result obtained is called the difference.
Subtracting 0 from a number does not change the number.
Subtracting a number from itself results in 0.
Subtracting a number from itself results in 0.
- Alternative Methods of Subtraction
- Subtraction of 3-Digit Numbers with Regrouping
- Addition and Subtraction Together
- Subtracting Bigger Numbers
Alternative Methods of Subtraction
1. By breaking one number.
In this method, we will break the second number into two and subtract each number from the first number.
Subtract 24 from 67.
We can break 24 as the sum of 20 and 4.
67 - 24
= 67 - 20 - 4
= 67 - 20 - 4
= 47 - 4
= 43
We can break 24 as the sum of 20 and 4.
67 - 24
= 67 - 20 - 4
= 67 - 20 - 4
= 47 - 4
= 43
Subtract 54 from 256.
We can break 54 as the sum of 50 and 4.
256 - 54
= 256 - 50 - 4
= 256 - 50 - 4
= 206 - 4
= 202
We can break 54 as the sum of 50 and 4.
256 - 54
= 256 - 50 - 4
= 256 - 50 - 4
= 206 - 4
= 202
2. By breaking both the numbers.
Subtract 32 from 84.
We can break 32 as the sum of 30 and 2 and 84 as the sum of 80 and 4.
84 - 32
= 80 + 4 - 30 - 2
= 80 - 30 + 4 - 2
= 50 + 2
= 52
We can break 32 as the sum of 30 and 2 and 84 as the sum of 80 and 4.
84 - 32
= 80 + 4 - 30 - 2
= 80 - 30 + 4 - 2
= 50 + 2
= 52
Subtract 51 from 96.
We can break 51 as the sum of 50 and 1 and 96 as the sum of 90 and 6.
96 - 51
= 90 + 6 - 50 - 1
= 90 - 50 + 6 - 1
= 40 + 5
= 45
We can break 51 as the sum of 50 and 1 and 96 as the sum of 90 and 6.
96 - 51
= 90 + 6 - 50 - 1
= 90 - 50 + 6 - 1
= 40 + 5
= 45
3. By making smaller number a mutiple of 10 or 100 by adjustment.
Subtract 37 from 69.
Here the smallest number 37 and the nearest multiple of 10 is 40.
We will add 3 to 37 to become 40. We will add 3 to the big number as well.
69 - 37
= 69 + 3 - (37 + 3)
= 72 - 40
= 32
Here the smallest number 37 and the nearest multiple of 10 is 40.
We will add 3 to 37 to become 40. We will add 3 to the big number as well.
69 - 37
= 69 + 3 - (37 + 3)
= 72 - 40
= 32
Subtract 307 from 512.
Here the smallest number 307 and the nearest multiple of 100 is 300.
We will subtract 7 from 307 to become 300. We will subtract 7 from the big number as well.
512 - 307
= 512 - 7 - (307 - 7)
= 505 - 300
= 205
Here the smallest number 307 and the nearest multiple of 100 is 300.
We will subtract 7 from 307 to become 300. We will subtract 7 from the big number as well.
512 - 307
= 512 - 7 - (307 - 7)
= 505 - 300
= 205
Subtraction of 3-digit numbers with Regrouping
We know how to regroup tens to ones. Let us see how to regroup hundreds to tens.
1 Hundred = 10 Tens.
1 Hundred + 1 Ten = 11 Tens.
2 Hundreds = 1 Hundred + 10 Tens.
2 Hundreds + 3 Tens = 1 Hundred + 13 Tens.
4 Hundreds + 0 Tens = 3 Hundreds + 10 Tens.
6 Hundreds + 8 Tens = 5 Hundreds + 18 Tens.
1 Hundred + 1 Ten = 11 Tens.
2 Hundreds = 1 Hundred + 10 Tens.
2 Hundreds + 3 Tens = 1 Hundred + 13 Tens.
4 Hundreds + 0 Tens = 3 Hundreds + 10 Tens.
6 Hundreds + 8 Tens = 5 Hundreds + 18 Tens.
Subtract 362 from 537.
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns
5 3 7
-3 6 2
Step 2: Subtract the digit at the ONES place.
7 - 2 = 5, We write 5 at the ONES place of the result.
5 3 7
-3 6 2
5
Step 3: Subtract the digit at the TENS place.
3 - 6 is not possible, So we split the digit at the HUNDREDS place.
5 HUNDREDS = 4 HUNDREDS + 10 TENS
We write 4 in HUNDREDS place and add 10 to the digit in TENS place.
Now 3 becomes 13.
13 - 6 = 7, we write 7 in TENS place
4 13
5 3 7
-3 6 2
7 5
Step 4: Subtract the digit at the HUNDREDS place.
4 - 3 = 1, We write 1 at the HUNDREDS place of the result.
4 13
5 3 7
-3 6 2
1 7 5
5 3 7 - 3 6 2 = 1 7 5
5 3 7
-3 6 2
Step 2: Subtract the digit at the ONES place.
7 - 2 = 5, We write 5 at the ONES place of the result.
5 3 7
-3 6 2
5
Step 3: Subtract the digit at the TENS place.
3 - 6 is not possible, So we split the digit at the HUNDREDS place.
5 HUNDREDS = 4 HUNDREDS + 10 TENS
We write 4 in HUNDREDS place and add 10 to the digit in TENS place.
Now 3 becomes 13.
13 - 6 = 7, we write 7 in TENS place
4 13
5 3 7
-3 6 2
7 5
Step 4: Subtract the digit at the HUNDREDS place.
4 - 3 = 1, We write 1 at the HUNDREDS place of the result.
4 13
5 3 7
-3 6 2
1 7 5
5 3 7 - 3 6 2 = 1 7 5
Addition and Subtraction Together
Let's find 124 + 450 - 220 + 130
Step 1: Add the first two numbers.
(124 + 450) - 220 + 130
= 574 - 220 + 130
Step 2: Subtract 220 from 574.
(574 - 220) + 130
= 354 + 130
Step 3: Add 354 and 130.
= 484
124 + 450 - 220 + 130 = 484
(124 + 450) - 220 + 130
= 574 - 220 + 130
Step 2: Subtract 220 from 574.
(574 - 220) + 130
= 354 + 130
Step 3: Add 354 and 130.
= 484
124 + 450 - 220 + 130 = 484
Subtracting Bigger Numbers
Let's subtract 4320 from 5683
Step 1: Write the numbers in columns
5683
- 4320
Step 2: Subtract the digits in the ones place. 3 - 0 = 3, We write 3 in the ones place of the result.
5683
- 4320
3
Step 3: Subtract the digits in the tens place. 8 - 2 = 6, We write 6 in the tens place of the result.
5683
- 4320
63
Step 4: Subtract the digits in the hundreds place. 6 - 3 = 3, We write 3 in the hundreds place of the result.
5683
- 4320
363
Step 5: Subtract the digits in the thousands place. 5 - 4 = 1, We write 1 in the thousands place of the result.
5683
- 4320
1363
5683 - 4320 = 1363
5683
- 4320
Step 2: Subtract the digits in the ones place. 3 - 0 = 3, We write 3 in the ones place of the result.
5683
- 4320
3
Step 3: Subtract the digits in the tens place. 8 - 2 = 6, We write 6 in the tens place of the result.
5683
- 4320
63
Step 4: Subtract the digits in the hundreds place. 6 - 3 = 3, We write 3 in the hundreds place of the result.
5683
- 4320
363
Step 5: Subtract the digits in the thousands place. 5 - 4 = 1, We write 1 in the thousands place of the result.
5683
- 4320
1363
5683 - 4320 = 1363