Multiplication
Multiplication is the repeated addition
- Multiplication: Facts and Terms
- Multiplication on the Number Line
- Multiplication Table of Numbers 1 to 6
- Properties of Multiplication
- Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers
- Multiplying 3-Digit Numbers
Multiplication: Facts and Terms
| 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 |
| 5 is added 4 times to make 20 or 4 branches of having 5 leaves each make 20 leaves in total. |
We can say, 5 times 4 = 20
or, 5 x 4 = 20, This is called Multiplication Fact
20 is called the Product of 5 and 4.
The sign of multiplication is x
Multiplication on the Number Line
Let's jump on the number line, on each jump, cover 2 numbers. Let's start from 0
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
On the first jump, we reached at 2, on the second jump, we reached at 4...... on the fifth jump, we have arrived at 10.
With 2 steps in each jump, on the fifth jump, we have arrived at 10.The Multiplication fact is 5 x 2 = 10
Multiplication Table of Numbers 1 to 6
| Table of 1 | Table of 2 | Table of 3 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 x 1 = 1 1 x 2 = 2 1 x 3 = 3 1 x 4 = 4 1 x 5 = 5 1 x 6 = 6 1 x 7 = 7 1 x 8 = 8 1 x 9 = 9 1 x 10 = 10 |
2 x 1 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 3 = 6 2 x 4 = 8 2 x 5 = 10 2 x 6 = 12 2 x 7 = 14 2 x 8 = 16 2 x 9 = 18 2 x 10 = 20 |
3 x 1 = 3 3 x 2 = 6 3 x 3 = 9 3 x 4 = 12 3 x 5 = 15 3 x 6 = 18 3 x 7 = 21 3 x 8 = 24 3 x 9 = 27 3 x 10 = 30 |
| Table of 4 | Table of 5 | Table of 6 |
|---|---|---|
| 4 x 1 = 4 4 x 2 = 8 4 x 3 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 4 x 5 = 20 4 x 6 = 24 4 x 7 = 28 4 x 8 = 32 4 x 9 = 36 4 x 10 = 30 |
5 x 1 = 5 5 x 2 = 10 5 x 3 = 15 5 x 4 = 20 5 x 5 = 25 5 x 6 = 30 5 x 7 = 35 5 x 8 = 40 5 x 9 = 45 5 x 10 = 50 |
6 x 1 = 6 6 x 2 = 12 6 x 3 = 18 6 x 4 = 24 6 x 5 = 30 6 x 6 = 36 6 x 7 = 42 6 x 8 = 48 6 x 9 = 54 6 x 10 = 60 |
Properties of Multiplication
| Property | Example |
|---|---|
| When we multiply two numbers, the answer remains the same if their order is changed. | 5 x 2 = 10 2 x 5 = 10 |
| When we multiply any number by 0, the answer is always 0. | 5 x 0 = 0 8 x 0 = 0 |
| When we multiply a number by 1, the answer is the number itself. | 7 x 1 = 7 10 x 1 = 10 |
| To multiply a number by 10, add a zero to the right of the number. | 5 x 10 = 50 8 x 10 = 80 |
| To multiply a number by 100, add two zeroes to the right of the number. | 5 x 100 = 500 8 x 100 = 800 |
Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers
Let's see this example
There are 12 color boxes with me. In each box, there are 7 colors. How many pencils are in total?
Total Pencils = (Pencils in each box) x (Number of boxes)
= 12 x 6 = ?
12
x 6
Step 2: Multiply 6 with the digit in the ones place. 6 x 2 = 12. We write 2 in the ones place and 1 carry over to tens place.
1
12
x 6
2
Step 3: Multiply 6 with the digit in the tens place, then add the carried over 1. (6 x 1) + 1 = 7. We write 7 in the tens place.
12
x 6
72
12 x 6 = 72
Multiplying 3-Digit Numbers
Let's see this example
There are 5 chocolate boxes with me. In each box, there are 5 chocolates. How many chocolates are in total?
Total chocolates = (Number of chocolates) x (chocolates in each box)
= 125 x 5 = ?
125
x 5
Step 2: Multiply 5 with the digit in the ones place. 5 x 5 = 25. We write 5 in the ones place and 2 carry over to tens place.
2
125
x 5
5
Step 3: Multiply 5 with the digit in the tens place, then add the carried over 2. (5 x 2) + 2 = 12. We write 2 in the tens place and 1 carry over to hundreds place.
1
125
x 5
25
Step 4: Multiply 5 with the digit in the hundreds place, then add the carried over 1. (5 x 1) + 1 = 6. We write 6 in the hundreds place.
125
x 5
625
125 x 5 = 625